Discuss the learning environment on reggio emilia, steiner and Essay

Discuss the learning environment on reggio emilia, steiner and montessori early years settings - Essay Example It is only unique to Reggio Emilia as there are no international colleges to train someone to become a Reggio Emilia teacher whatsoever. The organization of the learning environment for Reggio Emilia is very critical to the early childhood program. It is often known as the childs third teacher. The major aims that are involved in the design of the new spaces or learning environment and the remodeling of the ones which are old usually includes a combination of each classroom with the rest of the school, and the surrounding community that is adjacent to the school. The importance of this learning environment lies with the feeling that all children can come up with the best meaning and make sense of the world through learning environments which support involving, varicolored, sustained, and the changing relationships among people, the experience in the world, ideas and the numerous ways of showing ideas. The preschools are specifically filled with elements such as indoor plants and vines with the natural light evident. The classrooms are open to a center piazza while the kitchens are open to the general view. Additionally, the access to the surrounding communities is all but assured through windows that are almost wall-size. The entries are the ones that mainly capture the attention of the children and the grownups through the mirrors that are on the walls and ceilings. Other important features of this learning environment include the abundant space that is available for the supplies. They are often rearranged in order to draw the attention that is related to their beautiful features. There are studio spaces in each classroom which are in the form of an ample anterior that is centrally located. In the school, there are significant efforts of creating opportunities for children interaction. Waldorf schools are based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, who is a philosopher based in Austria. Rudolfs feelings on

Abbott and Merck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Abbott and Merck - Essay Example In the United States, there are several regulatory bodies that such companies would have to deal with. While their financial operations as well as advertising methods are regulated by other bodies, even their basic operations of researching and producing medicine are heavily regulated. The Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Institute of Health, Center for Disease Control and even the National Science Foundation can have an impact on how pharmaceutical companies operate (DHHS, 2007). At the same time, some organizations have more regulatory control than others. For example, the FDA is one body which has the most control over regulations that can force pharmaceutical companies to operate one way or the other. The FDA comes under the Department of Health and Human Services which gives the FDA broad guidelines to follow. The FDA is the actual authority which makes the rules that drug companies have to follow. These regulations impact much more than medicine since food, dietary supplements, cosmetics, medicinal products for use in health care as well as medical implements are regulated by the FDA (FDA, 2007). For pharmaceutical companies, the basic regulations start from food and dietary supplements that may be produced by these companies such as Vitamin C tablets or folic acid pills that may not require prescriptions in many cases. However, in many cases these products may be treated as food in which case there is a strong labeling requirement of the FDA which regulates the producers as to what information needs to be on the packaging of the product (FDA, 2007). For example, as an industry regulation, the producers of dietary supplements are allowed to make claims as to the benefits of their products but they cannot make a claim that their supplements can prevent or cure a disease. At the same time, supplements are not heavily regulated and action against the producers of supplements can

Stateless Auto Configuration Addressing With Ipv6 Computer Science Essay

Stateless Auto Configuration Addressing With Ipv6 Computer Science Essay Because of the ever increasing amount of devices that require IP addresses, IPv4 addressing will no longer be enough to provide these devices with an IP address. IPv6 was introduced to solve the problems of the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses by increasing the IP address size from 32b to 128b. This allows for more than enough IP addresses to be given out and is no chance of them ever running out. In this report you will see the different ways in which IPv6 addresses can be assigned to host machines on a network whether it be statically or dynamically. There are benefits and also drawbacks for each method which will be covered in this report. What is IPV6? IPv6 is an internet protocol which was developed to solve the problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv4 uses 32b addressing so that means that it is 2^32 = 4,294,967,296 addresses. This may seem like more than enough IP addresses to provide everyone but in fact is not enough to keep up with the growing demand of IP addresses for the newer technology which requires IP addresses. IPv6 uses 128b addressing 2^128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses. [1] As you can see there are a huge number of IPV6 addresses available which will almost never run out. Because of this it makes it harder for us humans to understand them in binary like in IPv4 so this is why with IPv6 they are changing to use hexadecimal instead of binary. By using hexadecimal it shortens the addresses to allot less than it would be if we kept on using binary but the drawback for this is that many people do not understand hexadecimal as most people havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen it implemented before. Stateless auto configuration The stateless auto configuration is when host machines on a network have the ability to configure themselves with a routable IP address without the need of a DHCP server to assign it an address. The way this is done is that hosts generate a link local address for each interface connected to it but like MAC and IP addresses the link local address must be unique for each host. To make sure that all of the link local addresses are unique the host machines send a neighbour solicitation message containing its possible link local address that it wants to use. If there is a reply then it means that another host has the same address that it wants to use and so must change its possible address and send the neighbour solicitation message again until it gets a unique address it can use on its interface. Once the host has obtained a link local address its next aim is now to gain an IP address. To do this routers constantly send out router advertisements that hosts on the network listen out for and once the host receives an advertisement it then gains the network information to give its self an IP address to access the network. Advantages of stateless auto configuration are that there is almost no configuration for the client to do when it the computer tries to gain an IP address. All the client needs to do is wait on the machine getting an IP address from the information gained from the router and that is all that is required to get up and running. Another benefit of stateless auto configuration is that it does not need a DHCP server in order for hosts to gain IP addresses and even if it needs to get other information later on it can then contact a DHCP server to get other information such as DNS server addresses. A disadvantage of this method is that it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get the entire network configuration that it may need to be fully functional on the network. Instead it uses DHCPv6 when it has enough configuration to get reach the DHCPv6 server to get the rest of the configuration. This is not good as it would be more efficient to get all of the needed configuration by using stateless auto configuration. [2] Stateful auto configuration Stateful auto configuration is similar to DHCP in the way that IP addresses are given out to hosts on a network by using a server. Even though with IPv6 and its massive amounts of IP`s it is still a good idea to use a server to manage IP`s for companies to control and easily maintain what computers from each room or department are connected to the router. It also allows you to easily change the configuration of the network if needed from a central point in the network, this case being the DHCPv6 server and change settings such as the DNS server and the range of addresses to provide to hosts and this will also update to the clients when they are due to renew their lease. Stateful auto configuration is used when there is no router on the link that is advertising router advertisements to provide the information to give its self an IP address. Instead it goes to a DHCP server that issues the host with all of the required configuration to get access to the network. A disadvantage of stateful auto configuration is that it needs a DHCPv6 server in order to get an IP address and if the DHCPv6 server goes down then there is no way for hosts to get network configurations unless there is a router on the link that is advertising router advertisements. But in the worst case scenario when their being no router available then there is no way for hosts to get assigned an IP address. DHCPv6 DHCPv6 is the protocol that has been developed to work with IPv6. It allows for hosts on a network to gain an IP address and other settings like DNS and default gateway from the DHCPv6 server by using statefull DHCP. The hosts make contact to the DHCP server by using multicasts and also using the UDP protocol. Below is information on the different messages that are exchanged between the host and the DHCP server in order for the host to gain a valid IPv6 address and get access to network resources with the address given to the host. Solicit This is when the client first makes contact with the DHCP server. Advertise This is when the DHCP server sends an advertise message saying that it is available to assign IP addresses to the client. Request The client machine now sends a request message to the server requesting an IP address and other information such as DNS, Default gateway. Confirm The client now sends a confirm message asking if the information is still valid since the IP address was given out. Renew This is when the clients DHCP lease time is running out and needs to be extended or given out a new IP address. With DHCP is it most likely during a renew process that the IP address will be extended to the client. Rebind This is similar to the renew message but with the rebind message the client contacts the server to increase its lease time but is also able to update any changes to other network configuration such as the DNS servers without changing its IP address Reply This is when the server sends a reply message with network configuration information in response to a solicit, request, renew and rebind messages received from the client before. The server then sends another reply message to confirm that the configuration that the client has received is appropriate for that network the client is connected to. Release The release message is used to indicate to the DHCP server that the client will no longer use the IP address and that the IP address the client had can go back into the address pool for another client to use. Decline The decline message is sent from the client to tell the DHCP server that the IP address given out from the server has already been assigned to another host on the network. Reconfigure This message is sent from the DHCP server to inform the client that there is new configuration on the network and the client must then send a renew and reply message in order to receive the updated information. [3] Conclusion IPv6 is a vast improvement on the previous IPv4 protocol with the ability to provide almost unlimited IP addresses to hosts. The two ways in which hosts can gain an IP address are both adequate ways to distribute IP addresses but there are disadvantages with both stateful and stateless auto configuration. Because stateless requires that there must be a router that is advertising router adverts then it means that if there is no router then of course also means it cannot gain its IP address by using stateless configuration. Another disadvantage of this is that the router advertisements do not provide the hosts with all of the network configuration that it may need and then the host has to go to a DHCPv6 server using stateful configuration to get the rest of the configuration. There are also disadvantages for stateful addressing too in that if there is no DHCP server available then it cannot issue IP addresses to hosts. But out of the two auto configurations I would choose stateful to be the best method of issuing IP addresses because it allows for a remote server to distribute address and you can easily change the network settings on the DHCP server and it will also update the clients on the network. It also allows for more control on who gets what range of IP addresses and lets you easily manage IP`s to be issued to certain departments or rooms in a company so you can monitor the machines more easily.

Chapter 5 of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein :: Free Essay Writer

Chapter 5 of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein. I will be looking at why Frankenstein has become such a well known novel and reasons why Mary Shelly. I am writing an essay on one of Mary Shelley’s novels â€Å"Frankenstein†, this is unique to Mary Shelley because from a very young age she has had gothic horror involved in her life â€Å"she entered the world like the heroine of a gothic tale†. Gothic horror was so popular because people were starting to read and watch horror novels. I will be focusing this essay on chapter 5 of Mary Shelley’s novel â€Å"Frankenstein†. I will be looking at why â€Å"Frankenstein† has become such a well known novel and reasons why Mary Shelly chose to write a novel like this. Mary Shelley wrote this novel due to many set backs in her life such as; her mother dying at such young stage of Mary’s life, and the suicide of her half sister Frankenstein’s experiment was important to Mary because it was Mary wanted to do all her life; conquer death. The novel is written in the 1st person to make it look like Frankenstein’s series of events like a diary. The setting of chapter 5 is where Frankenstein has completed the monster and hates his creation so much. Frankenstein gives a vivid image of what is creation looks like; he shows all emotions in this chapter. Frankenstein is the main character in this chapter because it’s all his feelings and emotions. â€Å"I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health†, I feel this is effective because it shows how bad he feels towards and about his creation. Mary Shelley shows how Frankenstein had dreamed of this nearly all of his life but that all goes wrong; â€Å"I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart†, this emphasizes his disgust with the creature and himself. Mary Shelley describes the creature in a lot of detail to give a vivid image of what Frankenstein has created and that some things of Frankenstein’s creation were life like but others made it the monster it was; â€Å"His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! -- Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness; but

Who Are Aware of the Demands of Religious Commitment in Everyday Life.’ in What Ways Does Classroom Re Achieve This

The outcome of religious education is religiously literate young people †¦ who are aware of the demands of religious commitment in everyday life. ’ In what ways does classroom RE achieve this? The quote in this essay title not only states that children who experience religious education become religiously literate young people; but that they also begin to know the importance of religious commitment in everyday life. This however is an easy proposition to state, but to achieve this in classroom Religious Education can be a demanding and challenging realisation.For a child to become religiously literate they need to be able to understand and have knowledge about Religion, but to become aware of the demands they not only need to learn about Religious Education, they need to learn from it. Religious Education in catholic schools is not only learning from classroom RE but from the wider community: from parents and the parish. It is important when learning catholic religion in a catholic school the teacher links the learning in the classroom to the wider community so the children can become aware and possibly adapt the demands of the catholic everyday life.As the Catholic Education Service says ‘If in Catholic schools, we are able to play our part in the moral development of the young people in our charge, we need to agree among ourselves, with parents, what are shared values are and how we plan to put them into practice. A school contributes or fails to contribute, to the moral development of its pupils, by the broad values that are upheld by the school generally. ’ (1995,20) Catholic Education inspires children to be able to make their own decisions, as Catholics believe we were all made in the image and likeness of god.Religious Education should be portrayed to children as a journey, where children can use their free will to choose their own religious path. They should be able to understand that everything we do our talents, gifts and expe riences help us to lead a life in the image of God; this is a huge commitment Catholics make in their everyday lives. Children in Classroom religion should be able to reflect on this and become aware of the demands of religious responsibility. As it states in the Bishops conference, ‘The catholic vision of education promotes the dignity and freedom of every person as created in the image and likeness of God.This vision inspires and encourages the beliefs and values which are lived out in the daily life of the catholic school. ’ (1996,10) When teaching Religious Education in a catholic school the teachers aim should be to develop the children’s knowledge about religion and help them understand it. It should be able to allow children to investigate and have opinion on some of the biggest question asked. However even when teaching in a catholic school not all children may have been exposed to religion and this may be their first look into it.Some children will have come from very catholic backgrounds and when they look into Catholicism deeper it may heighten their faith. However to some children it may make them realise that they don't want to commit to the religious way of life. Whatever the children's beliefs it is important in a catholic school children are able to understand the religion and what it is about, as Grace and O’Keefe suggest ‘For some, classroom religious education will deepen and enhance their personal faith; for many it may well be the first presentation of the Christian beliefs†¦. he freedom of conscience must be respected. ’ (2007, 262) Although Religious Education is not subject to nationally prescribed attainment targets there are two attainment targets for Religious Education they are: Learning about Religions and Learning from religion. Learning about Religions covers skills necessary for pupils to develop knowledge and understanding of a variety of religions. Even in a Catholic school it is im portant children learn about other religions to give them a broader knowledge of the world around us.Learning from religion encourages reflection and allows learning from each other and listening to what the children bring to the class, by them sharing their own thoughts and ideas. Learning from religion allows children to ask questions about life's meaning and purpose and explore and share human experiences. Religious Education encompasses many things and can be linked to many cross curricular subjects. It is important that religion helps develop children morally and spiritually.Religion can be linked to many subjects such as English, History, PSHE, I. C. T, Art, Drama and Mathematics. Linking Religious Education to these subjects helps children grasp topics more easily and makes the lessons more varied. For example when I was on placement in a Catholic school I taught an RE lesson, the learning objective was to learn about the different stories the bible tells us about the birth o f Jesus. We looked at the Annunciation and The Visitation, when we looked at the Visitation we looked at Luke 2:8-20 and Matthew 2:1-12.The children then drew on their tables using a whiteboard pen a Venn diagram to show the differences and similarities between the two versions of the story. This brought maths into the lesson and the children stayed engaged all the way through as they were doing something different. Afterward we then did some freeze frames of the stories, if the children were tapped on the shoulder they would become the character and say how they were feeling at the time.This encompassed drama into the lesson, and the children were able to get up and involved in the lesson, it really helped them understand the story and become part of it for a few moments. Another way to keep the children engaged and bring variety to Religion is by going to visit a place of worship, for example if we were studying Islam the children could be taken to Mosques this will allow reflecti on and add reality to the learning experience. McCreery, Bowen and Berminghem suggest ‘The presence of such places will reflect the religious and cultural make-up of the local community.A place of worship is the source of a first-hand learning experience in which children can begin to recognise that their community is made up of diverse groups of people. ’ (2007,93) One subject to which Religious Education particularity links to is PSHE and they complement each other well; together they can help moralistic development. Children can learn from faith about many contemporary issues, for example forgiveness in the playground, helping others, living life in the image and likeness of Jesus.Much can be learnt from parables in the bible; one parable that in particular gives a clear message across to the children is the parable of the good Samaritan. This shows children that no matter what we are doing or who is in need of help, it is important that we always lend a helping hand to the people around us; just like the Samaritan did. The Samaritan helped the man on the side of the road even though he was a Jew; people would think he would have done the opposite as Samaritans disliked the Jews.Whereas the priest and the Levites just walked past, it is important children understand this is the wrong thing to do and they would follow in the Samaritans footsteps. They can think as if they were walking past the old man what would they do? This is not just teaching the children about the parables but linking it to real life situations, making them aware of the commitment to Catholicism in everyday life. For children to completely understand ‘the demands of religious commitment in everyday life’ it is important that they can link religion to everyday and the world around us.A good way to do this would be to talk about media, for example earlier this year Stephen Lawrence was murdered and his mother after loosing her son was willing to forgive the murde rers however she said in an article â€Å"I don't forgive the boys who killed Stephen. They don't think they have done anything wrong. They took away Stephen's life and there is nothing in their behavior or anything to show they regret what their actions have done and the pain it has caused us as a family. It is important especially in a KS2 RE classroom to talk about the way the mum would be feeling? The fact she’s forgive the murderers if they showed any remorse, is this a Christian way to behave? This allows children to develop their knowledge and understanding of, and their ability to respond to, Christianity in Britain. Although achieving a standard in an RE classroom where children can become ‘religiously literate young people’can be challenging; I believe with the right attitude and variety it is very possible.Using other subjects to keep the children engaged and links to the world around us, children will become aware of the demands of a religious life. However whatever is taught in the classroom must be seen through the life of the catholic school, through charity work, kindness and forgiveness. Religious Education is not part of the national curriculum, however if working in a catholic school I think teaching Religious Eduction is vital and will develop children morally and spiritually, as the learn from and about religion.Catholic Education Service (1995) Spiritual and Moral development across the curriculum. Matthew James Publishing Hoodless, P, Mccreery, E, Bowen, B and Berminghem (2007) Teaching humanities in primary schools. S Learning matters ltd The Bishop’s Conference of England and Wales (1996), Religious Education Curriculum Directory for Catholic Schools, London, Catholic Education Service. Grace,R and O’Keefe, SJ (2007) International Handbook of catholic Education. Springer

Heritage Essay

Rename, or Don’t. Asher Woolf 11C 1772008 Christiaan Barnard Street Ms Sutton Early Adderly Street Heritage plays an important role in self-identity, and hence the heritage of a country defines it. As a people we learn and improve through our past experiences and our history. This is especially relevant in a country like South Africa; having such an eventful and colourful past, it is essential we recognise all places, buildings, roads and dates that played a role in shaping our country today.Whereas the history of a given article is the cold, hard happenings of the past, heritage is what one identifies with in their history, and this can be tangible hereditary heritage (skin colour) or cultural heritage and traditional, such as religion and customs. The aim of this report is to explore the concept and importance of heritage, and its impacts on modern Cape Tonian reflections of heritage such as street names. Herein the example of Oswald Pirow Street’s transformation to C hristiaan Barnard Street is discussed as a prime example of correct renaming; however the impacts of name-changing in general shall be discussed as well.Our birthplace and place of residence forms part of our heritage; it is an identity that helps us place ourselves in the world. The preamble to The National Heritage Resources Act states that: â€Å"Our heritage is unique and precious and it cannot be renewed. It helps us to define our cultural identity and therefore lies at the heart of our spiritual well-being and has the power to build our nation. It has the potential to affirm our diverse cultures, and in so doing shape our national character. † This is a statement by our government that understanding and accepting our heritage is at the epicentre of our spiritual well being.The preservation of our national heritage sites is of the greatest importance. For many years, Oswald Pirow Street stood in existence in Cape Town. Named after Oswald Pirow, a far right politician and lawyer who was also a staunch Nazi sympathizer. He greatly admired Hitler, and his daughter even controversially stated that Pirow was â€Å"More German than South African† It can be stated without much contentiousness that the Nazi ideals are diametrically opposite to the ideals of freedom, acceptance and unified diversity that defines the New South Africa.That being said, a street named after Oswald Pirow is simply incongruous with our new country and incongruous with the heritage we as a nation chose to identify with. In extreme cases such as this, whereby a figure that is actively negative to unity and acceptance is honoured, I believe that changing street names can be conducive to promotion and celebration of Heritage in South Africa. Oswald Pirow Street was renamed to Christiaan Barnard Street.Christiaan Barnard actively spoke out against the National Party during Apartheid, and is famous for being the first surgeon in the world to perform a successful heart-transplant . This marvel of medical science was celebrated internationally and is a great symbol of South African pride and achievement. Hence the street was named after Barnard, an ultimately deserving figure of recognition. The above circumstance epitomizes name-changing done right; however there are a number of concerns affecting the issue in general. The issue of Heritage affects name change.South Africa, like every place on Earth that isn’t the Far East or Europe, was conquered and subdued by Europe. This forms a crucial part of South Africa’s history, in that our culture and the very language we speak was brought by the so called â€Å"invaders†. This also means that most names of cities and roads prior to 1994 were exclusively in European languages and mostly named after European people. After the fall of Apartheid, the indigenous peoples felt the need to have their heritage acknowledged by renaming cities and streets in the vernacular or based on more deserving peo ple.The issue becomes contentious as to where the line is drawn. While there are numerous cases of obvious villains of history (i. e. Hendrik Verwoerd) whose memory should not be celebrated, there are many more cases of differing peoples vying for recognition and pride, and it is difficult to insure that renaming remains an act to promote national heritage and not to laud one group over the other. It is for this reason that I believe the only way to approach the issue of renaming is to be practical. While the bvious villains of history and enemies of human rights must be removed, it is a cold hard fact that naming of Cape Town streets and places are largely European, and to try to rename everything to equally distribute pride and self-identity amongst all the peoples of South Africa is simply impractical. In our capitalist country, one must think of the use of money with priority. There are lots of alarming and immediate issues in South Africa (poverty, education, healthcare, etc) t hat require funding more pressingly than renaming does, and that in itself is the practical outlook of the issue.Although websites may be less reliable than book on an individual basis, the consensus gained from a multitude of websites is much more accurate. At first the idea for my road came from having lived in Stellenbosch for four years and visiting the shops on Dorp Street. However information on Dorp Street is hard to find, the recommendation to do Christiaan Barnard Street came from my mother, as she was an admirer of his growing up. Bibliography Article Sources 1. Acts Online. n. d. ). Retrieved July 19, 2008, from http://www. acts. co. za/ntl_heritage_res/index. htm 2. CIBRA. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 19, 2008, from www. cibra. co. za/downloads/City-Bowl-Prov-Herit-Sites. pdf 3. Explore South Africa. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 19, 2008, from http://www. exploresouthafrica. net/westerncape/stellenbosch/history/dorpstreet. htm 4. Legal City. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 19, 2008, fr om http://www. legalcity. net/Index. cfm? fuseaction=RIGHTS. rticle&Index=N&ArticleID=9346885&Page=1 5. Morris, J. (1979). Cape Town. new york: Don Nelson. 6. SAHRA. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 19, 2008, from http://www. sahra. org. za/intro. htm# 7. UNESCO. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 17, 2008, from http://whc. unesco. org/ 8. Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 18, 2008, from http://www. Wikipedia. com Picture Sources 1. http://farm1. static. flickr. com/185/395114148_e8853e55e3. jpg? v=0 2. http://rapidttp. com/milhist/vo113oca. jpg