Saturday, January 18, 2020
Market Analysis and Promotional Issues in South Africa Essay
 South Africa is an ethically diverse country and was under the colonial rule for decades. It has been noted that its Black African ancestry in the whole population consisted of 79.3% while the white population was 9.1%, the colored 9% and the Indian/Asian of 2.6 %. The country’s new constitution which came into effect on 4th February, 1997, has recognized 11 official languages and has further given them all an equal status. Its colonial history was one of subjugation by the white colonial masters and therefore the native African and colored population nursed a growing sense of resentment, doubt and a feeling of revenge for the wrong doings meted out to them by the colonial rulers. The nation that became liberalized by emerging out of the past again realized that the colonial spell of subjugation was not fully over as yet as they still have to remove the feeling of inferiority over the English language left out by the foreign rulers. Thus, conscientious efforts were on by the new government to save the country’s various linguistic cultures. By accepting linguistic globalization, which has adapted the use of English, mother tongue equally need to be used and also developed (Moyo, 2009). In this context and the resulting confusion of attaining a cultural identity the book sales in South Africa saw a significant increase including those of English books. South African Customers The South African Customer for market purpose in consumer products covers a whole range of people from all cultural and linguistic angles. Yet from the point of view of the book publishing the range is limited and this is further narrowed down given to reason that the English reading population is limited only to the white people and the educated lot of the Black African and colored population. Now taking into consideration the market of English fiction of the Janet Evanovich line of books the market gets further segregated according to age. However, it is seen that fiction in general is the easiest genre to sell in the overseas market (O’Reilly, 2010). This is more so keeping in view of the South African government’s recent bilingual education policy where English language is an important official language. Although South Africa has a significantly different political, social and cultural landscape than that of US, it provides an excellent example of bilingual education policy (England, 2009). In spite of the above it is seen that there is some amount of resistance from the culturally distinct group who would like their own mother tongue as their main language. According to the author Mzamane Mbulelo Vizikhungo liberating the African mind from the stronghold of Western cultural imperialism is the unfinished business of the liberation struggle (2009). This shows the nature of resistance which still exists in the Black African and colored population which may take some time to completely erase out. As Vorster states that after a long period of inequalities in the society a new dispensation cannot be effectively established without a deep-rooted transformation process that must redress the imbalance cause by the previous dispensation (2005). Yet this may slowly subside as the whole world moves towards globalization and there will be changes in the attitudes of the consumers. An understanding of the psychological process by which attitudes are changed should provide insight into when and how attitudes guide consumer behavior (Bagozzi, Gurham-Cauli and Priester, 2002). This is true for any fiction and the publishers ought to be aware of this in order to project the book as tailored for the customers. Today’s approach is to accept that there are different demands in the market place and the product needs to be tailored specifically to meet the differing demand if it is stand the best chance of success (Proctor, 2000). In case of Janet Evanovich writing which is incidentally a fast moving, suspense filled, romantic version of contemporary life in America, and the South African public can see reason as to why they too may not change likewise. Customers are more discerning than they used to be in the past where they purchased simply on their whims and impulse (Griffin, 2002). The same could hold true for the modernizing South Africa who might rather than reject accept the fast fiction version of the American life. Defining the Changing South African Market With the advent of globalization it is not possible for any nation to remain cocooned in one’s own narrow beliefs and cultural pretense. Although by and large the global society would undoubtedly become a multicultural and multi-lingual one there is enough evidence that heterogeneity would remain distinctively rooted within a larger homogeneity in existence everywhere. This homogeneity would be defined as the assimilation of all positive sides of human endeavors and linguistic aspects. Therefore, for projecting the Janet Evanovich’s line of books the publishers need to emphasize the point through website and other media that the book is meant for the public simply as a form of entertainment and not to transgress on their cultures and at the same time to inform them of the life style in contemporary America. Marketing is about meeting customer’s needs and developing their trust and loyalty (Doyle, 2000). In order to achieve these publishers would have to wean themselves away from the biasness of their own home country and look at book sale as a specific objective. Many marketers now distinguish a goal as a specific objective, a refinement of an objective and make it desirable (Rogers, 2001). In order to remove whatever friction that may cause by the introduction of the books the publishers may undertake promotions in an appealing way with due consideration given to the cultural aspects of each group. Not only can a celebrity endorsement campaign fit with the launch of Janet Evanovich’s line of books by local artists, but the author can sign a few dozens of the initial published copies. This can make the public more intimate with her style of writing and wouldn’t try to uncover any seemingly hidden motives. Utilizing a charitable outlet for a portion of the profits can enhance the sensitivity of the company’s representation in the community (Hosier, 2010). Further, a special low pricing could be offered so as to entice the potential customers who are usually in the age group within 16 to 60. Or a special discount could be offered for the first hundred copies or the whole of the first published lot in South Africa only. Prices, reflect values, the value seller believes their product possesses and which the buyer too perceives (Bradley, 2003). An intimate relationship is thus established between the consumers and with those who are very sentimental when their cultural values is seen under threat.  Reference List Bradley Frank (2003). Strategic Marketing: In the Customer Driven Organization.          Pricing Strategies and Tactics. 12, 221. Chichester, England. Wiley. Bagozzi P. Richard, Gurham-Cauli and Priester R. Joseph (2002). The Social          Psychology of Consumer Behavior. Attitude Change. 5, 102. Philadelphia.          Philadelphia Open University Press. Doyle Peter (2000). Value Based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate          Growth and Shareholder Value. The Marketing Value Driver. 3, 69. New York.           John Wiley & Sons. England W. Travis (2009). Bilingual Education: Lessons from abroad for America’s           Pending Crisis. A. South Africa. Washington University Law Review. Griffin Jill (2002). Customer Loyalty. A Closer Look at Loyalty. 2, 17, San Francisco.            Jossey-Bass. Hosier Bill (2010). Benevolent Marketing-Building Charitable Giving into the            Business Model. Advertising, marketing, public relations community. O’Reilly Gillian (2010). Canadian Books Sell around the World. Fiction. Canadian            Children’s book News. Proctor Tony (2000). Strategic Marketing. Segmentation, Target and Positioning.           10, 188. London. Routledge. Moyo Thamba (2009). Linguistic diversity and development: the language question            And Social justice in Southern Africa. The Mother Tongue Defined. Forum            On Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table.
Friday, January 10, 2020
Three paragraph character sketch essay on Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman is an old, African American, runaway slave. This was a woman that was very brave and fought for her rights/freedom. She just didn’t want freedom for herself; she wanted it for all African Americans. I would also have to say that she was a very smart woman. I say that because she carried a gun around with her, so if any of the other runaways wanted to go back she would threaten them with the gun because she knew that the masters would end up finding Harriet and the others, she also decided to run away on a Saturday, so that gave her and the others an extra day to get away because flyers could not be printed until Monday.The masters was already aware that a man named Moses was helping the slaves get away , so they had to keep an extra eye on all of the slaves. The masters woke up on that Saturday they were surprised to find out that some of their slaves were gone. Harriet knew someone that could help them and his name was Moses. In the text it says ‘As they walked along she told them stories of her own first flight, she kept painting vivid word pictures of what it would be like to be free.’ This tells me that one of Harriet’s character traits were encouraging. I say encouraging because she is telling them stories of happiness and of what their life could be like. In the story it also says ‘She managed to dispel their fear of pursuit, so that they would not become hysterical, panic-stricken.’ She was also encouraging them in this line, to continue their journey, and their fight to freedom.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
How Do Humans Develop Over A Lifetime Essay - 1173 Words
How do humans develop over a lifetime? The approach in which attempts to explain how children and adults change over a period of time is developmental psychology. Developmental psychology is the study of how humans develop relating to the mind, body, and spirit. It not only is an approach based on a micro sense, but on a macro sense as well. Micro meaning the development from baby to adult and macro meaning how a culture itself develops over a time span. Because developmental psychology is an umbrella term, it is used to describe a number of different disciples that are all focused on one common goal (Developmental Psychology). Being that developmental psychology is not the only theory accepted in explaining human development, this theory is best understood by looking at various other theories that are all related because of the ultimate goal question. Some of the related theories along with developmental psychology also consider the theoretical areas that include social, emotional, cognitive, and biological processes. When using the theory of psychological development there are three goals: describe, explain, and optimize development. To describe development, one must focus on the typical patterns of change, and on individual variations in patterns of change (McLeod). For instance, normative change is when change is cumulated and continual; however, one can change certain life aspects change as well. This capacity one has to change is known as plasticity. So, this is shownShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle s Philosophy1464 Words  | 6 Pagesseveral major propositions in this theory. Although the philosophers belonged to different time periods, they held similar viewpoints regarding what value virtue and vice hold in an individual’s character. Socrates and Aristotle had different views on how many virtues and vices existed in a person. Aristotle worked most closely in developing the idea of eudaimonea, roughly translated as happiness, in his Nic omachean Ethics books, which were derived from numerously translated notes of his students. AlthoughRead MoreWhat Makes A Conscience?1171 Words  | 5 Pages Humans are not born with an understanding of what is right and what is wrong. One’s conscience is developed over a lifetime and is influenced by environment, loved ones and social interactions. One’s conscience does not force actions; it merely serves to attempts to fulfill and justify one’s ethics, judgment, and actions. Many people bury their conscience beneath false justification and a lack of integrity, resulting in an absence of morals and truth. A conscience is often a negotiable partRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil : Evil1451 Words  | 6 Pagestheories of why and how evil exists. We question the very existence of evil, its creation, the cause and the purpose. The â€Å"theodicy†problem, or the problem of evil, has been argued multiple ways over the course of many years. If God is so good and so powerful, why does He allow evil to happen in the world? How can a loving God allow so much pain and suffering, especially among the innocent? What, if any, is the purpose of this evil? Many arguments arise from these questions. Not only do these questionsRead MoreThe Likeliness of Being Different1504 Words  | 7 Pageslearning or writing about Human Development, I don t think I can fit the term into the simple definition that it is the unfolding of the human potential in each person s unique environment. It just feels like so much more. Among the many things that have been engraved in my mind about the subject, the idea that everything is due to our genes and environment fascinates me the most. Development starts at conception, and because of that everything that happens in during our lifetime is a contribution toRead MoreEssay on Rob ert Johnsons He1344 Words  | 6 Pagesinnocence. The first idea that stuck with me is the interpretation of the salmon and how it represented Christ. Because my thoughts on religion and god are so unclear in my life, it led me to interpret the whole situation differently and with different symbolism that is more adjacent with my life. I could still comprehend what the author was trying to say, but I couldn’t relate to his interpretation. I can see how a boy might be introduced to something that is too powerful for him at the momentRead MoreInterpersonal Communication : Symbolic Interactionism And Social Penetration1360 Words  | 6 Pagescommunication and the other is based on how communication can help each of us develop deeper relationships. We practice both theories on a daily basis, whether we realize it or not. This paper will look how each theory is used in our daily lives, how each theory helps us to gain better understanding of our relationships, and how each theory ties into our biblical worldview. Symbolic Interactionism is the â€Å"ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react†(Em Griffin,Read MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words  | 6 Pagesstage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.†And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a child is very important. Erik Erikson’s developmentalRead MoreThe Human Experience : Education, Community, Religion, And Nature Essay1662 Words  | 7 Pagesthat will change over the course of my lifetime. Currently I define myself as a white Catholic woman who is religious an d independent. I am also a college student studying to become a social studies teacher. I am in a relationship, but still open to religious life. My relationship defines a part of who I am and who I want to become. This definition of who I am will not be the same in years to come, but this is who I am currently. My view of the human experience will also change over time, but rightRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Generalists And Specialists1239 Words  | 5 Pagesand Contrast Generalists and Specialists Today’s business world is more complex with the increase of more sophisticated technology and knowledge. Human resource management (HRM) has taken on a more demanding role in all organizations. It is the human resource professional contribution that contradicts rather or not a company will succeed or fail. The human resources have two main statuses: generalists and specialists. Each professional’s objective is to assist in the success and development of theRead MoreWhat Does The Meaning Of Life?984 Words  | 4 PagesWhat is the meaning of life? Almost every human at some point in their life would question themselves about their purpose in the world and why they were placed in the setting they are in and what they feel the need to accomplish in their lifetime. Some create their own personal meaning, others are given their meaning with no insight and lastly, others choose to avoid the real world and create a fantasy life. Although the definition is different from pers on to person, what is significant in the meaning
Wednesday, December 25, 2019
Paddy Power Casino On The Irish Charm Essay - 1772 Words
Blog 10 - Paddy Power Casino lays on the Irish charm with some tempting bonus offers There has been many whispers recently about the astronomical rise of Paddy Power Casino and how the brand has been able to go from strength to strength. The online casino portal forums are abuzz, as more and more players enter the conversation surrounding Paddy Power Casino. Obviously, Paddy Power is already well known for its sports betting efforts, but it has to be said that their casino format might just be one of the best on the market right now. Paddy Power was founded in 1988 so it is certainly no new kid on the block and you can see this through the way they operate. They conduct a vibrant and straightforward casino online, which gives customers want they want with none of the time wasting you’re likely to find at other casino sites. The game selection is rather extensive too, so you certainly won t run out of gambling options, especially with the Paddy Power Casino’s policy of rotating games on a regular basis in effect. The promotions on offer at Paddy Power Casino are amazing and have certainly made the competition question their own offers as a result. After all, promotions are the key selling point for any online casino in this day and age and if you can t supply them, then players will certainly look elsewhere. The following looks at some of the latest promotions on offer at Paddy Power Casino and how y Every casino will implement a ‘Welcome Bonus’ and with good reason,
Tuesday, December 17, 2019
A Good Woman is Hard to Find Essay - 565 Words
Characterization Essay A Good Woman is Hard To Find In the story A Good Man is Hard to Find the grandmother displays several qualities that make her a villain. Throughout the story the author Flannery OConnor gives details of the grandmothers imperfections. OConnor describes many different aspects of the lifestyle that this family lives portrayed by the life of the wicked grandmother, giving numerous examples of her bad character. In the story the grandmother clearly states that she does not want to go to Florida, but to East Tennessee where her other family lives. Also, she mentions that they might run into the Misfit who has escaped from the Federal Penitentiary, headed towards Florida. Once again the grandmother shows†¦show more content†¦Being that the grandmother is so open the idea of running into this criminal, it is not a shock when they actually do meet the Misfit. Subsequently, on the trip the grandmother gets the children excited by telling them of an old home that has a secret panel inside it. This makes the grand children beg to see it, and the son of the grandmother, Bailey, reluctantly agrees. Pulling off the main highway and on to a dirt road, they travel anxiously to the supposed house. Along this road they get into an accident and wreck their car. After this the grandmother remembered that the house was not in Georgia, but in Tennessee. They were not only in the wrong state, but also on the wrong dirt road. After getting out and realizing that no one is badly hurt they try to find someone to help them. This is where the story, A Good Man is Hard to Find, takes a bizarre twist. As a result of going off the road they find that there is a car slowly driving up the road. Thinking that this car will help them in their dilemma they flag down the driver. The car, which the author described as a big, black, hearse-like automobile, stops to assist. Three men get out of the automobile, and one of the men has a gun. The Misfit, who the grandmother calmly identifies, which is the man with the gun, patiently talks with the family. The loudmouthed grandmother tells the Misfit that she knows that he has good blood and that he is a good man. Hearing theShow MoreRelatedA Good Man Is Hard To Find Analysis743 Words  | 3 PagesIn the Flannery O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†we find out that the title indicates of what the story is about. The title actually came from the lyrics of a song written by Eddie Green in 1918. The title of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†by Flannery O’Conner is quite ironic rea lly. The reader expects to eventually find a good man in the story, but is quite surprised at the ending of the story. The title A Good Man is Hard to Find is expressed clearly in this story by introducingRead MoreEssay on A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1564 Words  | 7 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find is an extremely powerful commentary that elucidates Flannery OConnors opinions about religion and society. Like the majority of her other works, A Good Man is Hard to Find has attracted many interpretations based on Christian dogma (Bandy 1). These Christian explications are justified because Miss OConnor is notorious for expressing Catholic doctrines through her fiction. Once she even remarked I see fromRead MoreTheme Of The Story A Good Man Is Hard To Find1097 Words  | 5 Pagesstory, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,†a grandmother goes on vacation in Florida with her son and his family. She is wary of an escaped criminal who may possibly be there, but no one takes her worry into consideration. The family eventually comes face to face with the criminal and lose their lives because of it. In â€Å"A Worn Path,†an elderly woman begins a long and tiresome journey in an effort to reach a town to acquire medicine for her sick grandson. The stories â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,†writtenRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor824 Words  | 4 Pageshow he/she wrestles with this dilemma beyond what is obvious in the plot. What literary elements draw out this conflict? When reading, A good man is hard to find by Flannery O Connor, the question intrigues the reader to read further, about the infamous Villian, The Misfit. The grandmother is the other key character in this short story. The older woman is overpowered by temptation, regardless of what her family requests. Bailey, her son is another character than seems to resent the mother sRead MoreMain Themes In Good Country People970 Words  | 4 PagesO’Connor is an American short story writer and her short story â€Å"Good Country People†depicts Hulga, a highly educated woman and has a PhD, is being jerked around by an immoral bible salesman. â€Å"A good man is hard to find†, also written by O’Connor, is a short story of a grandmother and her family murdered by a horrible man who called â€Å"the misfit†during the road trip to Florida. Although â€Å"Good country people†and â€Å"a good man is hard to find†are written by the same author, man y elements in those two storiesRead MoreThemes Of Good Country People769 Words  | 4 Pages Flannery O’Connor’s short story â€Å"Good Country People†depicts Hulga, a highly educated woman and has a PhD, is being jerked around by an immoral bible salesman. â€Å"A good man is hard to find†is a story of a grandmother and her family murdered by a horrible man who called â€Å"the misfit†during the road trip. Although â€Å"Good country people†and â€Å"a good man is hard to find†are written by the same author, many elements in those two stories cause them have similar themes in religion, misplace trust andRead MoreThe Spiritual Awakening1265 Words  | 5 Pagesevery individual. Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People†and â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†demonstrates how a person can be brought to their redemption by unlikely characters. Hulga, from â€Å"Good Country People,†goes from being a woman who states to believe in nothing, to a woman who loses everything and is left at a place of confusion. The grandmother from â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†is similar to Hulga in that she also loses everything in order to find her faith. Although both Hulga and theRead MoreFlannery O’Connor’s short stories â€Å"A good man is hard to find†and â€Å"Revelation†share many700 Words  | 3 Pagesstories â€Å"A good man is hard to find†and â€Å"Revelation†share many similarities. While â€Å"A good man is hard to find†is about a family that goes on a vacation that ultimately results in all of their deaths. â€Å"Revelation†is about a woman who is very judgmental and looks down on people. In the end both characters have revelations that contrast with who they are and how they portray themselves to the world. The protagonist in ‘Revelation†is Mrs. Turpin, and she depicts herself as a woman who is classyRead MoreQuestions On Finding A Perfect Woman779 Words  | 4 PagesFinding A Perfect Woman Every man can quickly find a woman to date if they lower their standards. But, it’s not the way to find the perfect woman and a long-lasting relationship. If you want to find love that stands the test of time, it will be some work – BUT it will be worth it. True love makes you feel great about yourself and your life, and it improves your health and happiness and motivates you to strive towards more success. So, how can you find a woman that’s really a good match for you?Read MoreGood Man Is Hard And Find And Everything That Rises Must Converge By Flannery O Connor926 Words  | 4 Pagesnot define them, you define yourself†Earl Nightingale. The stories â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find†and â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†both stories written by the author Flannery, O’Connor are stories that implies how the morality and immorality affects the social lives. The story â€Å"Good Man Is Hard to Find†by Flannery O’Connor is a story that define what the word â€Å"Good†is, but everybody has a personal opinion of what’s good or not. In contrast, the other story by Flannery O’Connor â€Å"Everything
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Challenges in Mobile App Development
Question: This research will investigate the challenges associated with the rising number of requirements set by Not For Profit (NFP) associations. The researchers will compare a number of mobile app issues that are increasingly difficult for the NFP sector meet. These include the demands of stakeholders, associations, and individuals who seek to make a big impact in competing with commercial programs with larger budgetary, time, and systems resources. Analyse the technical issues surrounding mobile apps and their integration with low-level web presences, as well as the difficulties in meeting the demands of multiple ( and sometimes conflicting) stakeholder requests. The research will also use case study material to validate a number of theories that face NFP mobile apps. Key points Privacy Issues ( eg Aids council, sexual / health related concerns) Android versus IOS issues timing, similarities, difficulties. Balancing more than one client differing stakeholder views Client expectations Mobile Apps versus websites ( you cant have the entire website in an app - and you dont want to either.) High level feature integrations and the challenge of funding Crash issues incomplete error messaging and the challenge of fast to market app development Uploading APPs to the market restrictions by Googleplay and IOS Ethical issues and the problem of content access by underage children Time challenges in working with NFP stakeholders (timely sign offs, meetings availability) Issues of Scale scope creep and the temptations of multi-vector directions ( Gamification versus mainstream approaches) Continuity versus abandonment challenges with the upkeep and refresh of mobile apps. Answers: 1. Introduction: According to Lewis (2014) need for the use of mobile and apps is increasing in all types of organizations. However the scope of activities in not for profit (NFP) organizations are increasing. As a result, these organizations are tending to use latest applications of ICT for conducting their activities more efficiently (Hansson and Bannister, 2015).However, the use of mobile application in NFP organizations is quite different from use of these applications in other organizations. As organization activities in a NFP organization is completely different from well known business activities, approaches for ICT use also differ greatly (Murugesan, 2013). It indicates that the nature of mobile apps which are going to be used in NFPs require being different from other commercial apps. 2. Statement of the problem: Although the need of using ICT is increasing in NFP organizations, difficulties for implementing such technologies are also increasing (Horton and Roche, 2010). Rapple, (2011) opines that NFP organizations often lack sufficient fund for using ICT extensively. Vaccaro and Madsen (2009) suggests that lack of fund is not the only problems for using ICT in NFP organization, there are other factors which impacts negatively on use of ICT. However, analysis of the current trend indicates the difficulties for developing suitable app is also increasing as development of advanced app requires sufficient funding. As the purpose of using apps is different, development of suitable apps for not- for-profit organizations is being more difficult. The current proposal deals with discussion on difficulties faced in app development process for NFP. The trend of mobile and app use in NFP organizations s also analyzed in the assignment for identifying the features required by an app for being used in NFPs. 3. Literature Review: Although NFPs are focusing preferring to utilize mobile applications , there are several factors which are restricting these organization from making changes effectively. Zorn et al. (2010) stated that identification of the factors which are limiting use of mobile apps is effective to understand the new demands of NFPs. However, identification of the barriers for using mobile app in NFP is also helpful to predict the technological issues which can arise while developing applications for such companies. Implementation of ICT in large organizations requires investment of huge capitals (Hansson and Bannister, 2015). Often the NGOs and other NFPs fail to invest sufficient capital for improving their infrastructure. However, use of ICT may lead to generation of privacy and security related risks. However, the organizations also requite to train their staffs for effective implementation of ICT. In case of large NFPs, training all staffs within limited time is not possible. Often the NFPs d evelop contracts with other organizations. Contractual terms may also restrict a company from implementing new system. It indicates that the apps for NFPs require being user friendly, secured, interactive and compatible with all technologies. Figure 1: Features of mobile apps in NFP organizations (Source: Hockenberry, 2010, pp.78) Problems faced by not for profit organization: Privacy Issues: It is important to understand the purpose of developing an application for designing it effectively (Vaccaro and Madsen, 2009). As stated by Chen et al., (2013) NPFs require using ICT for conducting some core activities of their organizations. In case of NGOs which work for patients, sex workers, require to maintain secrecy about their stakeholders. On other hand, apps require to contain sufficient information so that these applications seem reliable to users. Developing highly secured app can solve this problem. As most of apps used in NGOs are interactive in nature, maintenance of security is difficult (Vaccaro and Madsen, 2009).It indicates that apps which will be used by such organizations require being highly secured so that the information processed using these apps remain secret. Android vs. ios Issues: Often Large NFPs work in several countries. Availability of technology is not same for each country. Apps which will be used by these organizations require being compatible with all technologies. Apart from this, NFPs also require that these apps will be compatible with both android and ios platforms. Although it is important that the mobile apps used by not for profit organizations require being compatible with android and ios platform, apps using ios platform are found less effective. Most of the organizations use mobile apps for fundraising. In case of ios apps, direct donation cannot be made. However android OS (Operating system) does not put any such restriction on users. Thus the complexity of app development in ios platform increases. Fund raising is one of the main tasks for NPFs. These organizations require using mobile apps and other applications for ICT for collection of funds. Hockenberry (2010) considers that mobile devices and smart mphone applications can be used for financial management also. Organizations focus more on funds (Bennett, 2014). It indicates that the apps which will be used for fundraising requires being user-friendly so that the users do not face any difficulties while donating for NFPs. Difficulty of developing such apps increases if the budget is kept low. Balancing more than one client: Activities of NGOs are different even if they are working in same field (Wiklund Axelsson et al., 2013). Thus the nature of apps is different although all three apps are used for fundraising. It indicates that developing different types of apps at the same time can be difficult for developers. Client expectations: Sometimes NFP clients require integrating their websites with apps. Often the NFPs use websites of poor quality. Technological issues also arise when module versions of these websites are made. Need of developing such advanced App within short time makes the process of designing difficult. The task of integrating a website with an app increases difficulty for making the app. High level feature integrations and funding challenge: Analysis on the trend of using mobile devices and apps in not-for-profit organization reflects that the requirements of stakeholders are changing rapidly. Although the NFPs focus more on back office activities, these organizations require focusing more on service delivery process (Crump and Peter, 2015). The efficiency of service delivery process can be improved significantly through the use of mobile apps. According to Hoque and Parker (2014) NFP organizations require making their activities cost effective for increasing overall effectiveness of their activities. Horton and Roche (2010) opine that the NFPs require keeping consistency in their services to meet changed requirements of their stakeholders. Financial contribution of corporate bodies accounts for a significant portion of the funds raised by NGOs. However maintaining clarity in financial management is important for ensuring uninterrupted flow of fund from these organiz ations (Jackson, 2013). It indicates that the need of maintaining clarity in organizational activities can be considered as one of the major drivers for increasing use of mobile apps. On other hand, the government agencies are also influencing NFPs for maintaining transparency in management activities. This nature of Government agencies is also compelling NFPs to use mobile devices and other apps for executing their activities. On other hand, availability of such apps needs to be high to fulfill the purposes of developing it effectively. It indicates that the mobile apps require containing high level features. Often not-for-profit organizations fail to invest sufficient capital for developing mobile apps. It can cause technological issues while developing mobile apps for not-for-profit organizations in low budget. Crash issues: Success of fundraising programs depends on the effectiveness of promotional activities. Several NFPs prefer to use mobile applications for conducting their promotional activities as use of these applications enables them to engage large number of volunteers with the program. Chen et al.(2013) states that use of different social networking mediums such as twitter also increased in not for profit organizations as use of thee platforms makes these promotional activities more effective. This trend of NFP management is also leading to increase in the use of mobile devices and smart phone apps. It indicates that apps which are used in NFPs for promotional activities require being interactive so that the clients of a NFP can communicate with the organization using these apps Reporting is one of the most important activities in NFPS. The area of operations in case of NFPs is wider that other companies, collaboration among different parts of a NFP can be hampered without proper reporting structure (Crump and Peter, 2015). However, the organizations are also using mobile apps for maintaining communication among their volunteers. In case of large NFP organizations the requirement for using ICT application for improving the activities related to governance. According to Hume et al. (2015) volunteer can be considered as the backbone of a not for profit organization. Adapting conventional approach for conducting organizational activities fails to attract volunteers and thus the task of retaining volunteers is becoming more difficult. Bennett (2014) considers that effective management of NFP is important for retaining volunteers. However Chen et al. (2013) opined that use of mobile applications can also be helpful for retaining volunteers in NFPs.As these apps require handling huge data, chances of crashes are high. Apps used by not-for-profit organizations require containing various features. It also can lead to increase in the number of mobile crash. Google Play and ios restrictions: ios platform put restrictions on the length of keywords. However, android platform dose not put any such restrictions. Putting restrictions on keywords increase the difficulty for finding the apps. Both android and ios platform limit the number of characters used for describing an app. It also impacts on promotional activities of an app. Ethical Issues: Some NGOs require providing only adult users with opportunity for accessing information. On other hand, mobile apps require being easily available to optimize its effectiveness. Contents of some apps may not be suitable for children. So it is also required to ensure these apps are being used by only authorized users. Need for implementing controlled access policy in easily available apps increases complexity for the development process (Zorn et al., 2010). Working with NFP stakeholders: NFP stakeholders often lack time for conducting meetings with app developers. Due to lack of meetings app developers cannot get sufficient chances for discussing with clients regarding the app. On other hand, not-for-profit organizations require to develop app within less time. It also causes technological problems for app development. Gamification Vs mainstream approaches: As the task of retaining volunteers and staffs in NFPs is becoming more difficult, these organizations prefer to use these apps which are developed using Gamification approach. According to Jackson (2013) use of Gamification approach in app designing attracts more users. On other hand Kangethe and Manomano (2014) opines that use of mainstream approaches for application designing makes the process easier and cost effective. Demand for using Gamification approaches while designing apps increases difficulty for the process. Challenges for up keeping and refreshing mobile apps: As the mobile operating systems are updated regularly, apps require being updated regularly. In case of not-for-profit organizations, the number of tasks which are conducted using apps is increasing rapidly. Thus the need of refreshing apps regularly is also increasing. On other hand, NFPs lack funds for updating their apps. It makes the tasks of updating and refreshing apps more challenging. 3. Case study review: Development of One Today by Google: Google One Today can be considered as one of the most well known apps which are developed using mainstream approch. One Today is used mainly for raising funds (Onetoday.google.com, 2015). Through this app the users can donate for any project. As the amount charged by this app as donation is affordable for every user, utilization of this app enables the NGOS to collect sufficient money as donations. This app uses android platform, so users dose not face difficulty for donating. Most of the NGOs face difficulties for increasing their reliability to donators. In Google One Today, the users can get all information on a project (Onetoday.google.com, 2015). Thus the reliability of organization increases to them and it leads to more effective fund raising. Apart from this, the users can pay easily through Google wallet. As this app provides the donators with chances for making a secured payment, use of this app enhances effectiveness of fundraising proces s. Analysis on the app developed by Google indicates that the organization successfully fulfilled the requirements of developing user friendly and interactive app. However, the policy of controlled access is not implemented here. Development of UNICEF Tap project: UNICEF Tap Project app can be considered as another innovative app. It uses gamification approach for engaging users with the fundraising process through an interactive medium. This app tracks the interval when a mobile is not touched by user. If a user does not use mobile for 15 minutes, UNICEF can donate for providing a child with clean water for a day (Tap.unicefusa.org, 2015). However this app also does not contain any policy for controlling access. Development of AskU: AskU is another app which also does not collect money directly from users but it engages tem indirectly with the fundraising process. PwC and Australian charities fund jointly developed AskU and it is widely used by Australian NGOs (AskU, 2015). This app does not provide users with chances for creating any community. 4. Current Trends: Analysis on the app using trends of NFPs indicates that most of these organizations prefer to use open source or free apps. The trend also reflects that all these apps are used by several NGOs as a common platform for fundraising and interacting with people (Polzer Ngwato, 2012). Analysis also indicates that all these apps are effective for collecting donations and informing people about various activities undertaken by NGOs. However, technological issues arise when an NFP requires it own app (Rapple, 2011). 5. Conclusion: On other hand, most of the not-for-profit organizations lack adequate fund for investing on app development process. It also increases difficulty for designing new app. Developing an app in less time can reduce its effectiveness. Users can face difficulty to reduce the chances of crash. Even if the apps are developed organizations face difficulties to launch them in market due to policies of Google play and ios. 6. Future Research: Although in this assignment the technological issues in app development for Not-for-profit organizations are discussed, solutions for eliminating these issues are not identified. Further study can be done for finding solutions of technological issues which are identified in this assignment. References AskU, (2015). The free way to support your favourite charity - AskU. [online] Available at: https://www.asku.com.au/how-it-works [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Bennett, J. (2014). Meeting needs. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Chen, H., Chen, H., Fulton, C., Gleave, H., Theng, Y. and Wu, M. (2013). Use of mobile apps in information seeking: An international viewpoint. Proc. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech., 50(1), pp.1-4. Crump, B. and Peter, R. (2015). A Case for Non-Profit Organisations to engage in the use of Shared Computing Services. Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation, 17(1), p.18. hansson, k. and bannister, f. (2015). the non-government and voluntary sector, ICT, and democracy. [online] Available at: https://www.ijpis.net/ojs/index.php/IJPIS/article/viewFile/142/pdf [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Hockenberry, C. (2010). iPhone app development. Beijing: Pogue Press/O'Reilly. Hoque, Z. and Parker, L. (2014). Performance Management in Nonprofit Organizations. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Horton, K. and Roche, C. (2010). Ethical questions and international NGOs. Dordrecht: Springer. Hume, C., Pope, N. and Hume, M. (2015). Introductory knowledge management for not-for-profit organisations. [online] Available at: https://eprints.usq.edu.au/21892/1/Hume_Craig_Hume_IJOB_v17n2_PV.pdf [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Jackson, W. (2013). Learn Android app development. Berkeley, Calif.: Apress. Kangethe, S. and Manomano, T. (2014). Exploring the Challenges Threatening the Survival of Ngos in Selected African Countries. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Lewis, D. (2014). Non-Governmental Organizations, Management and Development. Non-Governmental Organizations, Manageme: Routledge. Murugesan, S. (2013). Mobile Apps in Africa. IT Prof., 15(5), pp.8-11. Onetoday.google.com, (2015). One Today. [online] Available at: https://onetoday.google.com/home/faq [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Polzer Ngwato, T. (2012). Collecting Data on Migrants Through Service Provider NGOs: Towards Data Use and Advocacy. Journal of Refugee Studies, 26(1), pp.144-154. Rapple, C. (2011). The mobile world: one non-profit publisher's journey. Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community, 24(0), pp.S57-S64. Tap.unicefusa.org, (2015). UNICEF Tap Project. [online] Available at: https://tap.unicefusa.org/ [Accessed 16 Mar. 2015]. Vaccaro, A. and Madsen, P. (2009). ICT and an NGO: Difficulties in attempting to be extremely transparent. Ethics and Information Technology, 11(3), pp.221-231. Wiklund Axelsson, S., Melander Wikman, A., Nslund, A. and Nyberg, L. (2013). Older peoples health-related ICT-use in Sweden. Gerontechnology, 12(1). Zorn, T., Flanagin, A. and Shoham, M. (2010). Institutional and Noninstitutional Influences on Information and Communication Technology Adoption and Use Among Nonprofit Organizations. Human Communication Research, 37(1), pp.1-33.
Sunday, December 1, 2019
Web Page Essays - Web Design, Graphic Design, Communication Design
Web Page We are standing on the precipice of a new culture? Sceptical, questioning connected with the world, thirsting for information and change. Technology is driving society at a pace unparalleled in history creating new attitudes, interrelationships, and global awareness. A new consumer is emerging, suspicious of traditional media sources, incredulous of advertising, and contemptuous of the contrived the hyped, the false. This consumer is not easily persuaded by clever graphics or manipulated by fads in design. In order to integrate all aspects of a ?brands' presentation on a web-site, the designer must move beyond form, colour and type and embrace the comprehensive impact of design. Enhanced awareness of the world; deeper, broader thinking about problems and opportunities; a respect for the historical roots of and formal conventions of design; planning and diligent study are required to create interesting global web-site designs. What? subject: Web site design on the Internet Focus: Web site design in the future. Objectives: To identify web-site designs that work, and to identify the reasons to why they work. Why? With the increasing number of web-sites that are coming online daily, in order for them to work, they are more dependent on good design for attracting readership than print is. How? By examination of the most frequently visited web-sites, and although a historical approach with reference to print in design. Section Two Design is the Answer What? Web sites need to be far better designed than anything in the print medium, due to the very interdisciplinary nature of the web-site. Why? Because a magazine with even minimum design gets its information across to the reader. You buy it because you care about the issues in its headlines, if you want more you jump inside, ?print' by its nature is a tactile phenonenom; touch, smell and accessibility, and it is for that reason it will never die. But web-sites are purely visual and aural, one screen at a time. Encouraging the viewer to go beyond the first layer, even learn where to go for what is required is a common problem for designers. It is their job to bring the viewer inside through the "Dance of the seven veils",and once inside, guide them, not to confuse or frustrate them. How? Web-sites that work are sites that do what you want it to do. They do not insult your intelligence, but neither do they obfuscate. They must indicate the wealth of material lying beneath the first page, but also offer you options and alternate means of approach. The answer may lie in better selling of the ?land' ? in urban planning, to use a metaphor. The solutions to timeless internet problems ? navigation, access to information ? will be provided by design. Good design means; pertinent information, content, good ?surfing', exploring, and gathering. The designer is the Web's real pathfinder. How does the designer achieve this goal? By drawing up an agenda for good web design. Section 3 and 4 Where does good web design come from? I believe that the principles print informed quality print design for hundreds of years and that these principles are equally valid online. TEN RULES OF DESIGN FOR THE WEB 1. Put content on every page. Design should not be decoration. It must convey information. Or entertainment. Content should come to the surface on every single level. Avoid useless and confusing icons, e.g. a navigation bar that has a ? for help. Make sure the content is easy to read quickly. Break the text into smaller segments. On the web people are in a hurry. They want the information they are looking for quickly, like a dictionary, that's still what the web is really about. 2. The first colour is white 3. The second colour is black 4. The third colour is red. This is a basic rule that has been around for 500 years. In Print white is the absence of all colours. White makes the best background. Black holds the highest contrast to white; therefore it is the first choice for text. And red draws the viewer in, and defines the image. 5. Never letterspace l o w e r c a s e When this is done the natural rhythm of the letters, so carefully designed by font designer, is ruined. In design if you look at what you do today, it should look like what you want to do tomorrow. 6. Never set a lot of text IN ALL CAPS Fonts were not intended to be all set in caps. They were intended to be upper
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